"At the lower level is the situation either as it appears to the victim of irony (where there is a victim) or as it is deceptively presented by the ironist." The upper level is the situation as it appears to the reader or the ironist. First, irony depends on a double-layered or two-story phenomenon for success. Muecke identifies three basic features of all irony. On this aspect, The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) has also: Ī condition of affairs or events of a character opposite to what was, or might naturally be, expected a contradictory outcome of events as if in mockery of the promise and fitness of things.
Thus the majority of American Heritage Dictionary's usage panel found it unacceptable to use the word ironic to describe mere unfortunate coincidences or surprising disappointments that "suggest no particular lessons about human vanity or folly." It is often included in definitions of irony not only that incongruity is present but also that the incongruity must reveal some aspect of human vanity or folly. This sense, however, is not synonymous with "incongruous" but merely a definition of dramatic or situational irony. The American Heritage Dictionary 's secondary meaning for irony: "incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs". Sullivan, whose real interest was, ironically, serious music, which he composed with varying degrees of success, achieved fame for his comic opera scores rather than for his more earnest efforts. The term is sometimes used as a synonym for incongruous and applied to "every trivial oddity" in situations where there is no double audience. Irony is a form of utterance that postulates a double audience, consisting of one party that hearing shall hear & shall not understand, & another party that, when more is meant than meets the ear, is aware both of that more & of the outsiders' incomprehension. Fowler's A Dictionary of Modern English Usage says: The use of irony may require the concept of a double audience. Henry Watson Fowler, in The King's English, says, "any definition of irony-though hundreds might be given, and very few of them would be accepted-must include this, that the surface meaning and the underlying meaning of what is said are not the same." Also, Eric Partridge, in Usage and Abusage, writes that "Irony consists in stating the contrary of what is meant." 4.6 Opposition between perception and concept.4.4 Irony as infinite, absolute negativity.
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